4D printing is the result of 3D printing intelligent materials that respond to different stimuli to produce new goods. 4D printing has so far been successfully used in a wide range of fields, including engineering, food processing, medical equipment, and computer components. Research investigations on 4D and 5D printing have significantly increased during the last two years. With the use of state-of-the-art technology, 4D Food Printing (4DFP) creates complex food structures with a range of flavors, textures, forms, and nutrients that may change their physicochemical properties across time and space in response to different stimuli. This article provides a quick overview of the various 4D and 5D printing technologies that could be used in the food sector. Next, the elements influencing the functional performance of edible inks based on proteins are examined. Techniques for enhancing these inks’ functional performance such as protein changes that are physical, chemical, or enzymatic are also highlighted. Currently, creating 3D printed items with the right color, shape, flavor, and nutritional properties is the main objective of 4D food printing applications. This article reviews and discusses the principles and possible applications of the newest additive manufacturing technologies, including 4D and 5D printing. Up till now, 4D food printing applications have mostly concentrated on enhancing the nutritional value, color, texture, and form of 3D printed items. 5D printing has the ability to build incredibly complex structures with greater strength and less material use than existing 3D and 4D printing techniques. It is expected that these new technologies will lead to future developments in all areas, including the production of superior food items that are not achievable with the processing technologies now in use.
Finding the industrial potential for 4D printing and advancing innovation with 5D printing are the main goals of this research. Nowadays, obtaining the appropriate nutritional properties, color, shape, and texture of 3D printed goods are the main objectives of 4D food printing applications. Notably, compared to 3D and 4D printing, 5D and 6D printing have the ability to create incredibly intricate structures with less material and more strength.

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