The sustainable development of every society is directly linked to the creation of new ways and technology for managing its environmental quality. The utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a highly effective method for wastewater cleanup due to its inherent characteristics such as size, surface properties, and quantum effects. The inherent characteristics of these NPs have expanded their use in addressing the qualitative strain on water supplies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the application of hydrothermally synthesized nanoparticles in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. Hydrothermal processing is an essential method of thermochemical conversion which is utilized to transform biomass into biofuel or beneficial products. In general, the procedure is conducted under pressures and temperatures ranging from 4 to 22 MPa and 250 to 374°C, respectively. When the biomass is exposed to water, it is decomposed into minuscule constituents that can be repurposed. The selection of process parameters, including temperature, pressure, and duration, is determined by the desired products, which may include bio-oil, biogas, or bio-carbon. The current review provides an analysis of photocatalytic nanomaterials that have been employed in effluent treatment via hydrothermal processing. Consequently, current research has been focused on the development of an efficient method for degrading organic water pollutants for the past two decades. A significant proportion of the manuscript is dedicated to nanoparticles, nanostructures, and composites produced via hydrothermal means; all these components have been effectively implemented in the remediation of various types of dye wastewaters.

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